{"title":"Neuroanatomía","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"arteries-of-the-brain-ii-german","title":"Arteries of the brain II (German)","description":"Die Hauptarterie des vorderen Kreislaufs des Gehirns ist die innere Halsschlagader, die sich in ihre beiden Endäste aufspaltet: die vordere und mittlere Hirnarterie.Die Hauptarterie des hinteren Kreislaufs ist die Wirbelarterie. Sie tritt in den Schädel durch das große Loch ein und gibt einige Äste ab: Hirnhautäste, vordere und hintere Rückenmarksarterien sowie die hintere untere Kleinhirnarterie. Danach schließen sich die beiden Wirbelarterien zur Basilararterie zusammen. Sie verläuft entlang des Pons in der hinteren Schädelgrube und gibt die folgenden Äste ab: vordere untere Kleinhirnarterie, Labyrintharterien, Brückenarterien, Mittelhirnarterien, obere Kleinhirnarterie. Die Basilarisarterie spaltet sich durch ihre Bifurkation in zwei Endäste (die hinteren Hirnarterien) auf, die zum Arterienring des Gehirns (Willis Kreis) gehören. Der Circulus arteriosus Willisii ist ein Arterienring, der durch vier paarige und eine unpaarige Arterie entsteht. Er bildet einen Kollateralkreislauf zwischen dem vorderen und hinteren Kreislauf des Gehirns. Mehrere kleine perforierende Äste (Zentraläste) entspringen vom Arterienring des Gehirns und versorgen den Kortex und die subkortikalen Strukturen.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506231521606,"sku":"8586265723206-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506231554374,"sku":"8586265723206-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506231587142,"sku":"8586265723206-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506231619910,"sku":"8586265723206-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506231652678,"sku":"8586265723206-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506231685446,"sku":"8586265723206-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/a66a74ef526215754b6ffefe1094963f.jpg?v=1694092134"},{"product_id":"arteries-of-the-brain-medial-view-english","title":"Arteries of the brain - Medial view (English)","description":"Cerebrum (without the brainstem and cerebellum) with arteries exposed. The anterior cerebral artery (ACA) gives off several branches including the anterior communicating artery, anteromedial central artery, orbitofrontal branches (i.e. medial\/posterior), frontopolar, callosomarginal and pericallosal arteries. The callosomarginal artery also gives rise to three frontal branches (anteromedial, intermediomedial and posteromedial), as well as several cingular branches, while the pericallosal artery gives rise to the precuneate and other parietal branches. Therefore, the anterior cerebral artery supplies the frontal and medial surfaces of the cerebrum, cingulate cortex and part of the corpus callosum. The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) gives off several branches which include: the posteromedial and posterolateral central arteries, posterior choroidal branches, parietooccipital artery, lateral occipital and medial occipital arteries. The PCA and its branches supply the occipital lobe, the inferolateral surface of the temporal lobe, midbrain, thalamus, choroid plexus (third and lateral ventricle) and cerebral peduncles.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506231324998,"sku":"8586265755974-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506231357766,"sku":"8586265755974-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506231390534,"sku":"8586265755974-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506231423302,"sku":"8586265755974-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506231456070,"sku":"8586265755974-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506231488838,"sku":"8586265755974-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/4b737dce751be4560f7f0c1ea19c5991.jpg?v=1694092134"},{"product_id":"cerebellar-nuclei-english","title":"Cerebellar nuclei (English)","description":"Section through the superior cerebellar peduncle and cerebellum, with the cortical regions color coded to match their target nuclei. The most medial nucleus is the fastigial nucleus (a.k.a. medial cerebellar nucleus), which lies with its contralateral fellow close to the midline. It is functionally related to the medial (a.k.a. vermal) zone of the overlying cerebellar cortex. Lateral to the fastigial nucleus are the emboliform and globose nuclei, which are alternatively referred to as the anterior and posterior interposed nuclei, respectively. These nuclei are functionally related to the intermediate (a.k.a. paravermal) zone of cerebellar cortex. The dentate nucleus (a.k.a. lateral cerebellar nucleus) is the largest and most expansive of the cerebellar nuclei; its size correlates to the large overlying lateral zone, to which it relates. It presents as an undulating layer of gray matter lateral to the interposed nuclei, which gives it a somewhat ‘crumpled’, flask-like appearance. Its opening, known as the hilum of dentate nucleus, is oriented anteromedially towards the superior cerebellar peduncle, to which its efferent fibers project. It can be further subdivided into dorsal motor\/microgryic and ventral nonmotor\/macrogyric parts which are said to play a major role in the modulation of voluntary movement as well as cognitive and visuospatial processes, respectively.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506233127238,"sku":"8586266050886-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506233160006,"sku":"8586266050886-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506233192774,"sku":"8586266050886-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506233225542,"sku":"8586266050886-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506233258310,"sku":"8586266050886-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506233291078,"sku":"8586266050886-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/4844d445b11d81f62f789106b2424677.jpg?v=1694092149"},{"product_id":"cerebellar-nuclei-latin_en-version-latin","title":"Cerebellar nuclei (Latin_EN version) (Latin)","description":"Section through the pedunculus cerebellaris superior and cerebellum, with the regiones corticales color coded to match their target nuclei. The most medial nucleus is the ncl. fastigii (a.k.a. ncl. medialis cerebelli), which lies with its contralateral fellow close to the midline. It is functionally related to the zona medialis (a.k.a. zona vermalis) of the overlying cortex cerebellaris. Lateral to the ncl. fastigii are the ncl. emboliformis and ncl. globosus, which are alternatively referred to as the ncll. interpositii anterior et posterior, respectively. These nuclei are functionally related to the zona intermedia (a.k.a. zona paravermalis) of the cortex cerebellaris.The ncl. dentatus (a.k.a. ncl. lateralis cerebelli) is the largest and most expansive of the ncll. cerebellares; its size correlates to the large overlying zona lateralis, to which it relates. It presents as an undulating layer of gray matter lateral to the ncl. interpositii, which gives it a somewhat ‘crumpled’, flask-like appearance. Its opening, known as the hilum ncl. dentati, is oriented anteromedially towards the pedunculus cerebellaris superior, to which its efferent fibers project. It can be further subdivided into pars dorsalis\/motoria\/microgryia and pars ventralis\/nonmotoria\/macrogyria which are said to play a major role in the modulation of voluntary movement and cognitive\/visuospatial processes, respectively.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506235879750,"sku":"8586266476870-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506235912518,"sku":"8586266476870-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506235945286,"sku":"8586266476870-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506235978054,"sku":"8586266476870-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506236010822,"sku":"8586266476870-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506236043590,"sku":"8586266476870-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/c49c8c67e4a54f24d8243d995b9688bd.jpg?v=1694092177"},{"product_id":"accessory-nerve-latin","title":"Accessory nerve (Latin)","description":"The radix spinalis of the n. accessorius originates from the cell bodies of motor neurons located in the upper 5-6 cervical segments of the spinal cord which collectively form the ncl. nervi accessorii. Multiple rootlets exit the spinal cord between the radices anteriores\/posteriores of the nn. spinales and combine to form the nerve trunk, which ascends the spinal cord and passes through the foramen magnum to enter the cranium. The radix cranialis arises from motor neurons in the ncl. ambiguus of the medulla oblongata. Rootlets from this nucleus exit from the dorsolateral medulla oblongata and temporarily join with the fibers of the radix spinalis. Together, they then exit the skull via the foramen jugulare. The nerve then divides into two again; the r. internus (radix cranialis) joins with the n. vagus to innervate the mm. palati mollis\/mm. interni laryngis while the r. externus (radix spinalis) descends into the lateral cervical region of the neck, passing superficially through its trigonum posterius. Here the n. accessorius passes deep to the m. sternocleidomastoideus, which it innervates via a r. muscularis. It continues to descend in a posterolateral direction before terminating as the r. trapezius which spans out across the m. trapezius, supplying it with motor function.Supplementary innervation of the m. sternocleidomastoideus\/trapezius is also delivered via homonymous branches of the plexus cervicalis. These branches contain afferent\/sensory neurons, whose cells bodies are located in the ganglia spinalia of nn. spinales C2-C4. Some motor fibers are also believed to be delivered to the muscles via this pathway.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506244038982,"sku":"8586267951430-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506244071750,"sku":"8586267951430-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506244104518,"sku":"8586267951430-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506244137286,"sku":"8586267951430-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506244170054,"sku":"8586267951430-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506244202822,"sku":"8586267951430-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/6986d075fe0091f9e76fb97ffb2ac655.jpg?v=1694092240"},{"product_id":"basal-view-of-the-brain-latin","title":"Basal view of the brain (Latin)","description":"The inferior surface of the cerebrum is divided by the sulcus lateralis into anterior and posterior parts. In the anterior part, the gyri orbitales (anterior, posterior, medialis and lateralis) and the gyrus rectus can be identified. The gyri orbitales are separated by the sulci orbitales which together form an H shaped groove between the four gyri. The posterior part is marked by two primary anteroposteriorly oriented sulci: the sulcus collateralis and sulcus occipitotemporalis. These two sulci delineate the gyri occipitotemporales (a.k.a. gyrus fusiformis), which are divided by the sulcus sagittalis gyri fusiformis into a gyrus occipitotemporalis medialis and lateralis. The gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis is continuous with the gyrus temporalis interior around the inferolateral margin. The posterior part of the sulcus collateralis runs parallel to the sulcus calcarinus, and together they delineate the gyrus lingualis. Besides the cortical structures, in this view the glandula pituitaria, corpora mamillaria and corpora geniculata can be appreciated. Lastly, a cross section of the truncus encephali on the level of the mesencephalon reveals its internal structure.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506245906758,"sku":"8586268246342-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506245939526,"sku":"8586268246342-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506245972294,"sku":"8586268246342-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506246005062,"sku":"8586268246342-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506246037830,"sku":"8586268246342-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506246070598,"sku":"8586268246342-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/da3bd7e1b45ee5e62f6d51cbf4360e9f.jpg?v=1694092251"},{"product_id":"arteries-of-the-brain-medial-view-latin","title":"Arteries of the brain - Medial view (Latin)","description":"Cerebrum (without the truncus encephali and cerebellum), with arteries exposed. The a. anterior cerebri gives off several branches including the a. communicans anterior, a. centralis anteromedialis, a. orbitofrontalis, rr. frontopolares, a. callosomarginalis, a. pericallosa. The a. callosomarginalis also gives rise to three frontal rami (r. frontalis anteromedialis\/intermediomedialis\/posteromedialis), as well as several rr. cingulares, while the a. pericallosa gives rise to the rr. precuneati and other rr. parietales. Therefore, the a. anterior cerebri supplies the frontal and medial surfaces of the cerebrum, cortex cingularis and part of the corpus callosum. The a. posterior cerebri gives off several branches which include: aa. centrales posteromediales, aa. centrales posterolaterales, rr. choroidei posteriores, a. parietooccipitalis, a. occipitalis lateralis and a. occipitalis medialis. The a. posterior cerebri and its branches supply the lobus occipitalis, the inferolateral surface of the lobus temporalis, mesencephalon, thalamus, plexus choroideus (ventriculus tertius\/quartus) and pedunculi cerebri.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506257604934,"sku":"8586269917510-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506257637702,"sku":"8586269917510-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506257670470,"sku":"8586269917510-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506257703238,"sku":"8586269917510-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506257736006,"sku":"8586269917510-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506257768774,"sku":"8586269917510-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/d9926d1bebcf070ad65d8379ca5e589a.jpg?v=1694092327"},{"product_id":"accessory-nerve-english","title":"Accessory nerve (English)","description":"The spinal root of the accessory nerve originates from the cell bodies of motor neurons located in the upper 5-6 cervical segments of the spinal cord which collectively form the nucleus of accessory nerve. Multiple rootlets exit the spinal cord between the anterior and posterior spinal nerve roots and combine to form the nerve trunk, which ascends the spinal cord and passes through the foramen magnum to enter the cranium. The cranial root arises from motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla oblongata. Rootlets from this nucleus exit from the dorsolateral medulla oblongata and temporarily join with the fibers of the spinal root. Together, they then exit the skull via the jugular foramen. The nerve then divides into two again: the internal branch (cranial root) joins with the vagus nerve to innervate the muscles of soft palate\/larynx while the external branch (spinal root) descends into the lateral cervical region of the neck, passing superficially through its posterior triangle. Here the accessory nerve passes deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which it innervates via a muscular branch. It continues to descend in a posterolateral direction, before terminating as a trapezius branch which spans out across the trapezius muscle, supplying it with motor function.Supplementary innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles is also delivered via homonymous branches of the cervical plexus. These branches contain afferent\/sensory neurons, whose cells bodies are located in the spinal ganglia of spinal nerves C2-C4. Some motor fibers are also believed to be delivered to the muscles via this pathway.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506266648902,"sku":"8586271523142-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506266681670,"sku":"8586271523142-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506266714438,"sku":"8586271523142-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506266747206,"sku":"8586271523142-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506266779974,"sku":"8586271523142-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506266812742,"sku":"8586271523142-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/70d5b391ec1b18df40617e806c70e1cd.jpg?v=1694092405"},{"product_id":"cerebellar-nuclei-german","title":"Cerebellar nuclei (German)","description":"Schnitt durch den oberen Kleinhirnstiel und das Kleinhirn. Die Kleinhirnrinde ist farblich an die entsprechenden Kerne angepasst. Der am weitesten medial gelegene Kleinhirnkern ist der Dachkern (Giebelkern), der in der Nähe der Mittellinie zusammen mit dem kontralateralen Dachkern liegt. Dieser Kern ist funktionell mit der medialen Zone des Kleinhirns (Vermis) der darüberliegenden Kleinhirnrinde verbunden. Lateral vom Dachkern befinden sich der kugelförmige Kern und pfropfenförmiger Kern. Diese Kerne sind funktionell mit der intermediären Zone (Zona paravermalis) der Kleinhirnrinde verbunden. Der Zahnkern ist der größte und eindrucksvollste der Kleinhirnkerne; seine Größe entspricht der großen darüberliegenden lateralen Zone des Kleinhirns, mit der er verbunden ist. Der Zahnkern ist eine Ansammlung von grauer Substanz, die eine stark gefaltete Struktur aufweist und sich lateral vom kugelförmigen Kern und vom pfropfenförmiger Kern befindet. Seine Öffnung, Hilum des Zahnkerns, ist nach anteromedial zum oberen Kleinhirnstiel orientiert, zu dem seine efferenten Fasern ziehen. Er kann weiter in eine Pars dorsalis\/motoria\/microgryia und Pars ventralis\/nonmotoria\/macrogyria unterteilt werden, die eine wichtige Rolle in der Modulation der Willkürmotorik bzw. der kognitiven Prozesse und visuell-räumlichen Orientierung spielen.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506266878278,"sku":"8586271588678-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506266911046,"sku":"8586271588678-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506266943814,"sku":"8586271588678-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506266976582,"sku":"8586271588678-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506267009350,"sku":"8586271588678-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506267042118,"sku":"8586271588678-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/a7cf37efa2e0d197333b0aef5982adf5.jpg?v=1694092407"},{"product_id":"coronal-section-of-the-brain-thalamus-level-gray-matter-structures-english","title":"Coronal section of the brain (thalamus level): Gray matter structures (English)","description":"The most striking gray matter structures seen on this section are the thalami at the center of the illustration. Each thalamus a large, bilateral nucleus which faces its counterpart so that their medial surfaces comprise the lateral walls of the third ventricle of the brain. Inferior to each thalamus is another nucleus called the subthalamic nucleus and below that is the substantia nigra, a cluster of dopamine-releasing neurons in the midbrain. Lateral to these structures is the corpus striatum, often called the basal ganglia\/nuclei. The corpus striatum is a collection of nuclei that consists of the caudate nucleus (in the image only the body is visible), putamen and globus pallidus. The putamen and globus pallidus are often collectively referred to as the lentiform nucleus due to their proximity and the lens-shape they create together. The last important gray matter structure is the hippocampus, which lies deep to the temporal lobe.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506276643142,"sku":"8586274013510-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506276675910,"sku":"8586274013510-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506276708678,"sku":"8586274013510-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506276741446,"sku":"8586274013510-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506276774214,"sku":"8586274013510-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506276806982,"sku":"8586274013510-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/2e35fc17f1dd883a34c87249640ca21c.jpg?v=1694092473"},{"product_id":"basal-view-of-the-brain-english","title":"Basal view of the brain (English)","description":"The inferior surface of the cerebrum is divided by the lateral sulcus into anterior and posterior parts. In the anterior part, the orbital gyri (anterior, posterior, medial and lateral orbital gyri) and straight gyrus can be identified. The orbital gyri are separated by the orbital sulci which together form an H shaped groove between the four gyri. The posterior part is marked by two primary anteroposteriorly oriented sulci: the collateral sulcus and occipitotemporal sulcus. These two sulci delineate the occipitotemporal gyri, which are divided by the midfusiform sulcus into medial and lateral occipitotemporal gyri. The lateral occipitotemporal gyrus is continuous with the inferior temporal gyrus around the inferolateral margin. The posterior part of the collateral sulcus runs parallel to the calcarine sulcus, and together they delineate the lingual gyrus. Besides the cortical structures, in this view the pituitary gland, the mammillary bodies and the geniculate bodies can also be appreciated. Lastly, a cross section of the brainstem on the midbrain level reveals its internal structure.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506277822790,"sku":"8586274177350-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506277855558,"sku":"8586274177350-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506277888326,"sku":"8586274177350-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506277921094,"sku":"8586274177350-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506277953862,"sku":"8586274177350-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506277986630,"sku":"8586274177350-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/4e89b65febd027437b5bb14974fe4934.jpg?v=1694092478"},{"product_id":"hypoglossal-nerve-english","title":"Hypoglossal nerve (English)","description":"The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) arises as a series of rootlets from the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla oblongata. The rootlets combine to form the nerve proper, which then exits the cranium via the hypoglossal canal. During its course, the hypoglossal nerve receives the fibers from spinal nerve C1 (and\/or C2) which ‘piggyback’ the nerve, but do not mix with it. They leave the hypoglossal nerve as a series of branches: meningeal branch, superior root of ansa cervicalis, thyrohyoid branch and geniohyoid branch.The only 'true' branches of the hypoglossal nerve are the terminal lingual branches that innervate the muscles of the tongue. These branches supply all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, with the exception of the palatoglossus muscle, which is supplied by the vagus nerve.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506278904134,"sku":"8586274603334-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506278936902,"sku":"8586274603334-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506278969670,"sku":"8586274603334-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506279002438,"sku":"8586274603334-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506279035206,"sku":"8586274603334-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506279067974,"sku":"8586274603334-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/a0f30497914952359e63ea2d6b24b083.jpg?v=1694092487"},{"product_id":"arteries-of-the-brain-ii-latin","title":"Arteries of the brain II (Latin)","description":"The main artery of the anterior circulation of the brain is the a. carotis interna which terminates as the a. anterior cerebri and a. media cerebri.The main artery of the posterior circulation is the a. vertebralis. It enters the cranium via the foramen magnum and gives off several rami which include rr. meningeales, aa. spinales anteriores et posteriores as well as the a. cerebellaris posterior inferior. After this, the two aa. vertebrales converge to form the a. basilaris. This vessel courses vertically across the pons and fossa cranialis posterior where it gives off several branches namely the a. cerebelli inferior anterior, aa. labyrinthi, aa. pontis, aa. mesencephalicae, a. superior cerebelli. The a. basilaris terminates as a bifurcation which gives off the paired aa. posteriores cerebri that contribute to the circulus arteriosus cerebri (circ. Willisi). The circle of Willis is an anastomotic loop\/ring formed between four paired arteries and one unpaired artery which facilitates collateral blood between the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations as well as the right and left blood supply. Several small perforating (central) arteries (rr. centrales) emerge from the circle of Willis, many of which pass into the brain directly and supply the cortex and subcortical structures.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506280182086,"sku":"8586274898246-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506280214854,"sku":"8586274898246-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506280247622,"sku":"8586274898246-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506280280390,"sku":"8586274898246-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506280313158,"sku":"8586274898246-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506280345926,"sku":"8586274898246-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/4d532578fd1541b7c1c3bf1b851b670c.jpg?v=1694092494"},{"product_id":"coronal-section-of-the-brain-thalamus-level-gray-matter-structures-latin","title":"Coronal section of the brain (thalamus level): Gray matter structures (Latin)","description":"The most striking gray matter structure seen on this section are the thalami at the center of the illustration. Each thalamus is large, bilateral nucleus which faces its counterpart so that their medial surfaces comprise the lateral walls of the ventriculus tertius (third ventricle). Inferior to the thalamus is another nucleus called the nucleus subthalamicus and below that is the substantia nigra; a cluster of dopamine-releasing neurons in the mesencephalon. Lying laterally to these structures is the corpus striatum, often called the basal ganglia\/nuclei basales. The corpus striatum is a collection of nuclei that consists of the nucleus caudatus (in the image only the truncus is visible), putamen and globus pallidus. The putamen and globus pallidus are often collectively referred to as the nucleus lentiformis due to their proximity and the lens-shape they create together. The last important gray matter structure is the hippocampus, which lies deep to the lobus temporalis.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506289717574,"sku":"8586277421382-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506289750342,"sku":"8586277421382-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506289783110,"sku":"8586277421382-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506289815878,"sku":"8586277421382-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506289848646,"sku":"8586277421382-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506289881414,"sku":"8586277421382-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/ef6a3e2f7fcb0132c5a60cc498754772.jpg?v=1694092552"},{"product_id":"decussation-of-superior-cerebellar-peduncle-123","title":"Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle (#123)","description":"Shown from axial perspective. Also known as Decussation of SCP, SCP decussation, and Superior cerebellar peduncle decussation.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506290438470,"sku":"8586277814598-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506290471238,"sku":"8586277814598-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506290504006,"sku":"8586277814598-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506290536774,"sku":"8586277814598-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506290569542,"sku":"8586277814598-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506290602310,"sku":"8586277814598-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/06d548e34b1b228893d886aefce8ec95.png?v=1694092560"},{"product_id":"arteries-of-the-brain-ii-english","title":"Arteries of the brain II (English)","description":"The main artery of the anterior circulation of the brain is the internal carotid artery (ICA), which terminates as the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The main artery of the posterior circulation is the vertebral artery. It enters the cranial cavity via the foramen magnum and gives off several branches which include meningeal branches, anterior and posterior spinal arteries, as well as the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. After this, the two vertebral arteries converge to form the basilar artery. This vessel courses vertically across the pons and posterior cranial fossa where it gives off several branches, namely the anterior inferior cerebellar, labyrinthine, pontine, mesencephalic and superior cerebellar arteries. The basilar artery terminates as a bifurcation which gives off the paired posterior cerebral arteries that contribute to the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis). The circle of Willis is an anastomotic loop\/ring formed between four paired arteries and one unpaired artery which facilitates collateral blood between the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations as well as the right and left blood supply. Several small perforating (central) arteries emerge from the circle of Willis, many of which pass into the brain directly and supply the cortex and subcortical structures.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506304528710,"sku":"8586281419078-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506304561478,"sku":"8586281419078-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506304594246,"sku":"8586281419078-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506304627014,"sku":"8586281419078-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506304659782,"sku":"8586281419078-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506304692550,"sku":"8586281419078-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/99c1520477d1798f1c7439f88c723497.jpg?v=1694092656"},{"product_id":"arteries-of-the-brain-medial-view-german","title":"Arteries of the brain - Medial view (German)","description":"Darstellung des Großhirns (ohne Hirnstamm und Kleinhirn) mit seiner arteriellen Blutversorgung. Die vordere Hirnarterie gibt mehrere Äste ab: vordere Verbindungsarterie, anteromediale Zentralarterie, Augenhöhlen-Stirn-Arterie, vordere Arterien des Hirnpols, Balkenrandarterie, Perikallosarterie. Aus der Balkenrandarterie spalten sich drei Frontaläste (anteromedialer\/intermediomedialer\/posteromedialer Stirnast) sowie einige Gürteläste ab, während aus der Perikallosarterie die Vorkeiläste und andere Parietaläste entspringen. Daher ist die vordere Hirnarterie an der Versorgung der frontalen und medialen Oberflächen des Großhirns, des Cingulum und eines Teils des Hirnbalkens beteiligt. Zu den Ästen der hinteren Hirnarterie gehören posteromediale und posterolaterale Zentralarterien, hintere Aderhautäste, Scheitellappen-Hinterhauptlappen-Ast, seitliche und mittlere Hinterhauptsarterie. Die hintere Hirnarterie und ihre Äste versorgen den Okzipitallappen, die inferolaterale Oberfläche des Temporallappens, das Mittelhirn, den Thalamus, das Adergeflecht des dritten und vierten Ventrikels und die Großhirnstiele.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506337427782,"sku":"8586293051718-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506337460550,"sku":"8586293051718-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506337493318,"sku":"8586293051718-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506337526086,"sku":"8586293051718-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506337558854,"sku":"8586293051718-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506337591622,"sku":"8586293051718-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/de08c3751f48b9094fd919d6bad39c1f.jpg?v=1694093055"},{"product_id":"hypoglossal-nerve-latin","title":"Hypoglossal nerve (Latin)","description":"The n. hypoglossus (CN XII) arises as a series of rootlets from the ncl. nervi hypoglossi of the medulla oblongata. The rootlets combine to form the nerve proper, which then exits the cranium via the canalis hypoglossus. During its course, the n. hypoglossus receives fibers from n. spinalis C1 (and\/or C2) which ‘piggyback’ the nerve, but do not mix with it. They leave the hypoglossal nerve as a series of branches: r. meningeus, radix superior ansae cervicalis, r. thyrohyoideus and r. geniohyoideus. The only 'true' branches of n. hypoglossus are the terminal rr. linguales that innervate the muscles of the tongue. These branches supply all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, with the exception of the m. palatoglossus, which is supplied by the n. vagus (CN X).","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506362396998,"sku":"8586301210950-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506362429766,"sku":"8586301210950-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506362462534,"sku":"8586301210950-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506362495302,"sku":"8586301210950-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506362528070,"sku":"8586301210950-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506362560838,"sku":"8586301210950-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/cc187ee90533ed81af27d98b099e408f.jpg?v=1694093287"},{"product_id":"horizontal-section-of-the-brain-section-a-english","title":"Horizontal section of the brain: Section A (English)","description":"This image highlights the left side of the brain seen on a horizontal section at the level of the genu of the corpus callosum (A). The most striking gray matter structures seen in this section are the thalamus, located deep in the white matter, and the basal ganglia, which are the caudate nucleus (only the head and tail are visible), putamen and globus pallidus. In addition, several white matter tracts (internal, external and extreme capsules) in both sections A and B: note the different parts of the internal capsule (anterior limb, genu, posterior limb and retrolentiform limb). Section A reveals some parts of the white matter bundles that connect the two brain hemispheres, particularly the genu and splenium of corpus callosum as well as the column and crus of fornix. The third ventricle as well as the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricle of the brain can also be identified. The frontal horn of the lateral ventricle on the left side is separated from its right counterpart by a thin, vertical membrane called septum pellucidum, that extends from the corpus callosum above and the fornix below.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506434388294,"sku":"8586327621958-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506434421062,"sku":"8586327621958-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506434453830,"sku":"8586327621958-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506434486598,"sku":"8586327621958-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506434519366,"sku":"8586327621958-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506434552134,"sku":"8586327621958-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/4cfcfccfad364b1d8f99c274768a88ee.jpg?v=1694094114"},{"product_id":"medulla-oblongata-hypoglossal-nerve-level-english","title":"Medulla oblongata: Hypoglossal nerve level (English)","description":"The various nuclei which make up the gray matter are mainly found within the dorsal part of the medulla oblongata, while the tracts, which form the white matter, pass mainly through the ventral part. At the level of the hypoglossal nerve, the most prominent white matter landmarks are the pyramids or pyramidal tracts, the medial lemniscus and medial longitudinal fasciculus. The decussation of the medial lemniscus (sensory decussation) can also be identified at this level, in which axons from second order neurons emerge as internal arcuate fibres from the cuneate and gracile nuclei, and cross over the midline to form the medial lemniscus of the contralateral side. Joining the internal arcuate fibres are the fibres from the olivocerebellar tract, which then travel in a posterosuperior direction to reach the inferior cerebellar peduncle. The most prominent gray matter structure on this level are the coiled olivary nuclei found dorsal and lateral to the pyramids. Moving further dorsally we see the nucleus ambiguus, spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve, nucleus of hypoglossal nerve and nucleus of solitary tract. We can see how the hypoglossal nerve extends from its nucleus and crosses the central portion of the medulla oblongata to exit at the tectum of the medulla. In the anterior median fissure, on the anteromedial surface of each pyramid is a small nucleus known as the arcuate nucleus. It projects arcuatocerebellar fibers that form the striae medullaris of the fourth ventricle.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506439729478,"sku":"8586328768838-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506439762246,"sku":"8586328768838-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506439795014,"sku":"8586328768838-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506439827782,"sku":"8586328768838-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506439860550,"sku":"8586328768838-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506439893318,"sku":"8586328768838-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/195593b2543549aefc71249656cf0e8b.jpg?v=1694094154"},{"product_id":"medial-view-of-the-brain-german","title":"Medial view of the brain (German)","description":"Das Großhirn ist der größte und oberste Teil des Gehirns. In der medialen Ansicht sind mehrere wichtige Windungen und Lappen sichtbar, wie die mittlere Stirnwindung und das parazentrale Läppchen des Stirnlappens, die vordere Keilwindung des Schläfenlappens und die Keilwindung des Hinterhauptlappens. Unterhalb des Stirnlappens verläuft außerdem die Gürtelwindung, die zum limbischen Lappen gehört. Die Furchen des Großhirns, die auf dieser Ansicht zu sehen sind, sind die Parazentralfurche, die die mediale Stirnwindung und den parazentralen Lappen trennt, die Zentralfurche, die den Stirn- und den Scheitellappen trennt, und die Scheitel-Hinterhaupt-Furche, die den Scheitel- und den Hinterhauptlappen trennt. Weiter inferior befinden sich die Strukturen des Zwischenhirns: Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Hypophyse, Mamillarkörper und Zirbeldrüse. Der darunter liegende Teil des Gehirns ist der Hirnstamm, der aus drei Teilen besteht: Mittelhirn, Brücke und verlängertes Mark. Der letzte Teil des Gehirns, der auf dieser Ansicht zu sehen ist, ist das Kleinhirn, das unter dem Hinterhauptlappen des Großhirns und hinter der Brücke liegt.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506439926086,"sku":"8586329030982-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506439958854,"sku":"8586329030982-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506439991622,"sku":"8586329030982-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506440024390,"sku":"8586329030982-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506440057158,"sku":"8586329030982-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506440089926,"sku":"8586329030982-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/29c1edc22f18102e2a679549b246569a.jpg?v=1694094155"},{"product_id":"maxillary-nerve-latin","title":"Maxillary nerve (Latin)","description":"Just before the n. maxillaris exits the fossa media cranii via the foramen rotundum, it gives off a small r. meningeus which carries sensory impulses from the dura mater of this region. Within the fossa pterygopalatina, the n. maxillaris gives off a number of branches that can be divided into those which arise directly from the nerve and those associated with the ggl. pterygopalatinum which is located on the posterior wall of the fossa pterygopalatina (see next image). The n. maxillaris leaves the fossa pterygopalatinum by coursing forward through the fissura pterygomaxillaris to enter the infratemporal fossa, where it gives off the n. alveolaris superior posterior. It then turns medially to enter the orbit via the fissura orbitalis inferior, where it continues as the terminal branch of the n. maxillaris, the n. infraorbitalis. The n. infraorbitalis proceeds anteriorly across the floor of the orbit in the infraorbital groove, giving off the n. alveolaris superior medius, before continuing through the canalis infraorbitalis. Here, the n. alveolaris superior anterior nerve arises before the n. infraorbitalis continues onto the face and terminates as groups of rr. palpebrales, rr. nasales and rr. labiales superiores.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506441630022,"sku":"8586329751878-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506441662790,"sku":"8586329751878-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506441695558,"sku":"8586329751878-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506441728326,"sku":"8586329751878-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506441761094,"sku":"8586329751878-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506441793862,"sku":"8586329751878-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/0db71706c4192fc5a2a3bdb08154769c.jpg?v=1694094168"},{"product_id":"pontine-taste-area-387","title":"Pontine taste area (#387)","description":"Shown from anterior perspective.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506443792710,"sku":"8586330472774-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506443825478,"sku":"8586330472774-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506443858246,"sku":"8586330472774-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506443891014,"sku":"8586330472774-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506443923782,"sku":"8586330472774-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506443956550,"sku":"8586330472774-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/99406ad4a48e80f41495a136fa00dc3a.png?v=1694094180"},{"product_id":"lateral-view-of-the-brain-latin","title":"Lateral view of the brain (Latin)","description":"Looking at the brain from the lateral (first image) and superior view (second image), the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes can be identified. There are several important gyri and sulci that are visible from these two perspectives. The sulcus centralis separates the lobus frontalis from the lobus parietalis (and the gyrus precentralis from the gyrus postcentralis). At the anterior\/rostral aspect the gyri frontales (superior, medius and inferior) can be seen. The lobus temporalis similarly bears lobi temporales superior, media and inferior. The lobus parietalis has two two lobules, superior and inferior, with the gyrus angularis and the gyrus supramarginalis present in the latter. Finally, at the posterior\/caudal aspect of the brain, the lateral surface of the lobus occipitalis can be observed. It is separated from the lobus parietalis by the sulcus parietooccipitalis and the incisura preoccipitalis, seen from the superior perspective.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506448609606,"sku":"8586332242246-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506448642374,"sku":"8586332242246-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506448675142,"sku":"8586332242246-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506448707910,"sku":"8586332242246-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506448740678,"sku":"8586332242246-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506448773446,"sku":"8586332242246-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/4ed2d45f8329d0f565efee7be5775124.jpg?v=1694094220"},{"product_id":"ventricles-and-subarachnoid-space-of-the-brain-german","title":"Ventricles and subarachnoid space of the brain (German)","description":"Das Adergeflecht befindet sich am Boden der Seitenventrikel sowie in den Dächern des dritten und vierten Ventrikels und produziert den Liquor. Der Liquor gelangt über das Zwischenkammerloch des Seitenventrikels in den dritten Ventrikel und danach weiter über die sylvische Wasserleitung in den vierten Ventrikel. Nachdem der vierter Ventrikel erreicht wird, gelangt der Liquor in den Subarachnoidalraum durch drei Öffnungen: das Foramen Magendii, das von der großen Zisterne aufgenommen wird, und die beiden setlichen Foramen Luschkae, die in die Hirnstamm-Kleinhirn-Zisterne am Kleinhirnbrückenwinkel münden.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506451493190,"sku":"8586333028678-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506451525958,"sku":"8586333028678-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506451558726,"sku":"8586333028678-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506451591494,"sku":"8586333028678-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506451624262,"sku":"8586333028678-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506451657030,"sku":"8586333028678-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/79cf7f6d41eb5640d67b71e86d391765.jpg?v=1694094241"},{"product_id":"lateral-view-of-the-brain-german","title":"Lateral view of the brain (German)","description":"Wenn man das Gehirn von der Seite (erste Abbildung) und von oben (zweite Abbildung) betrachtet, kann man den Stirn-, Schläfen-, Scheitel- und Hinterhauptlappen sehen. Aus diesen beiden Perspektiven sind mehrere wichtige Windungen und Furchen sichtbar. Die Zentralfurche trennt den Stirn- vom Scheitellappen (und die vordere Zentralwindung von der hinteren Zentralwindung). Im vorderen Bereich können wir die obere, mittlere und untere Stirnwindung sehen. Ähnlich verhält es sich im Schläfenlappen mit der oberen, mittleren und unteren Schläfenwindung. Im Scheitellappen befinden sich die beiden Läppchen (oberes und unteres) mit der Winkelwindung und der bogenförmigen Windung. Im hinteren Bereich des Gehirns befindet sich schließlich die Seitenfläche des Hinterhauptlappens. Der Hinterhauptlappen ist, von oben betrachtet, vom Scheitelllappen durch die Scheitel-Hinterhaupt-Furche und die Präokzipitalkerbe getrennt.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506456965446,"sku":"8586334830918-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506456998214,"sku":"8586334830918-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506457030982,"sku":"8586334830918-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506457063750,"sku":"8586334830918-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506457096518,"sku":"8586334830918-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506457129286,"sku":"8586334830918-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/f3290b2bc84f28962cfee6bb316ddb1a.jpg?v=1694094287"},{"product_id":"lateral-hypothalamic-area-294","title":"Lateral hypothalamic area (#294)","description":"Shown from coronal perspective.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506460864838,"sku":"8586336141638-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506460897606,"sku":"8586336141638-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506460930374,"sku":"8586336141638-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506460963142,"sku":"8586336141638-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506460995910,"sku":"8586336141638-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506461028678,"sku":"8586336141638-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/842957d30dbc4199b7607ac3baf42688.png?v=1694094322"},{"product_id":"ventricles-and-subarachnoid-space-of-the-brain-latin","title":"Ventricles and subarachnoid space of the brain (Latin)","description":"The plexus chorioideus can be found in the floor of the ventriculus lateralis as well as the roofs of the ventriculus tertius and ventriculus quartus and functions to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, Liquor cerebrospinalis). CSF passes from the ventriculus lateralis to the ventriculus tertius through the foramen interventriculare. From the ventriculus tertius, CSF then flows through the aqueductus cerebri to the ventriculus quartus. Once CSF reaches the ventriculus quartus, it passes into the spatium subarachnoidale around the brain via three openings: the apertura mediana (of Magendie) which is received by the cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior (a.k.a.cisterna magna); and the two aperturae laterales (of Luschka), which drain into the cisternae pontocerebellares located at the angulus pontocerebellaris.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506463060294,"sku":"8586337059142-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506463093062,"sku":"8586337059142-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506463125830,"sku":"8586337059142-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506463158598,"sku":"8586337059142-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506463191366,"sku":"8586337059142-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506463224134,"sku":"8586337059142-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/95338b0bb191c358ab37ec9a1ee85213.jpg?v=1694094340"},{"product_id":"medulla-oblongata-hypoglossal-nerve-level-latin","title":"Medulla oblongata: Hypoglossal nerve level (Latin)","description":"The various nuclei which make up the substantia grisea are mainly found within the dorsal part of the medulla oblongata, while the tracts, which form the white matter, pass mainly through the ventral part. At the level of the n. hypoglossus, the most prominent white matter landmarks are the pyramides medullares or tractus pyramidalis, the lemniscus medialis and fasciculus longitudinalis medialis. The decussatio lemniscorum medialium (decussatio sensoria) can also be identified at this level, in which axons from second order neurons emerge as fibrae arcuatae internae from the ncl. cuneatus et gracilis, and cross over the midline to form the lemniscus medialis of the contralateral side. Joining the fibrae arcuatae internae are the fibres from the tractus olivocerebellaris, which then travel in a posterosuperior direction to reach the pedunculus cerebellaris inferior. The most prominent gray matter structure on this level are the coiled nuclei olivares found dorsal and lateral to the pyramides medullares. Moving further dorsally we see the ncl. ambiguus, ncl. spinalis nervi trigemini, ncl. nervi hypoglossi and ncl. tractus solitarii. We can see how the n. hypoglossus extends from its nucleus and crosses the central portion of the medulla oblongata to exit at the tectum of the medulla. In the fissura mediana anterior, on the anteromedial surface of each pyramids is a small nucleus known as the ncl. arcuatus. 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It then enters the gl. parotidea and bifurcates into two trunks, which give off five terminal branches collectively known as the plexus parotideus. These are the rr. temporales, rr. zygomatici, rr. buccales, r. mandibularis marginalis]';, and r. cervicalis, all of which innervate the muscles of facial expression but do not innervate the gl. parotidea itself.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506479214918,"sku":"8586342760774-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506479247686,"sku":"8586342760774-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506479280454,"sku":"8586342760774-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506479313222,"sku":"8586342760774-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506479345990,"sku":"8586342760774-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506479378758,"sku":"8586342760774-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/3242a64c27ea23c0bbb32495a94fa604.jpg?v=1694094522"},{"product_id":"spinal-cord-in-situ-english","title":"Spinal cord in situ (English)","description":"On exiting the intervertebral foramen, each spinal nerve divides into anterior and posterior rami. The posterior ramus extends in a posterior direction and further divides into medial and lateral branches, which provide innervation to the deep back muscles (epaxial muscles) as well as an associated narrow strip of overlying skin. The anterior ramus provides motor innervation (somatic or visceral) to the rest of the body related to that segmental level, often intermingling with other spinal nerves leading to the formation of the major somatic plexuses (cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral). Just before the bifurcation into anterior and posterior rami, the spinal nerve also gives rise to one or more recurrent \/meningeal branches which re-enter the intervertebral foramen to supply the meninges and other structures of the vertebral canal. Communicating with the anterior ramus of the spinal nerves are the white and gray rami communicantes which convey sympathetic nerve fibers. The anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-L2 give off the white ramus communicans which carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the lateral horn of the spinal cord to an adjacent sympathetic ganglion. Here they can either synapse with a postganglionic sympathetic neuron at the same or a superior\/inferior level via the sympathetic trunk, or pass through the sympathetic ganglion (without synapsing) continuing as a preganglionic nerve fiber; in all cases nerve fibers of the sympathetic trunk reenter the spinal nerves via a gray ramus communicans.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506497171782,"sku":"8586349707590-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506497204550,"sku":"8586349707590-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506497237318,"sku":"8586349707590-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506497270086,"sku":"8586349707590-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506497302854,"sku":"8586349707590-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506497335622,"sku":"8586349707590-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/4d3e60a1ffcf334e5b25506a0cc62846.jpg?v=1694094725"},{"product_id":"maxillary-nerve-english","title":"Maxillary nerve (English)","description":"Just before the maxillary nerve exits the middle cranial fossa, via the foramen rotundum, it gives off a small meningeal branch which carries sensory impulses from the dura mater of this region. Within the pterygopalatine fossa, the maxillary nerve gives off a number of branches that can be divided into those which arise directly from the nerve and those associated with the pterygopalatine ganglion which is located on the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa (see next image). The maxillary nerve leaves the pterygopalatine fossa by coursing forward through the pterygomaxillary fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa, where it gives off the posterior superior alveolar nerve. It then turns medially to enter the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure, where it continues as the terminal branch of the maxillary nerve, the infraorbital nerve. The infraorbital nerve proceeds anteriorly across the floor of the orbit in the infraorbital groove, giving off the middle superior alveolar nerve, before continuing through the infraorbital canal. Here, the anterior superior alveolar nerve arises before the infraorbital nerve continues onto the face and terminates as groups of palpebral, nasal and superior labial branches.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506499858758,"sku":"8586351149382-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506499891526,"sku":"8586351149382-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506499924294,"sku":"8586351149382-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506499957062,"sku":"8586351149382-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506499989830,"sku":"8586351149382-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506500022598,"sku":"8586351149382-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/dfc26091449256b3314b8646ed74763c.jpg?v=1694094775"},{"product_id":"12-cranial-nerves-latin","title":"12 cranial nerves (Latin)","description":"This illustration summarizes the anatomy of each cranial nerve. The first two cranial nerves, the n. olfactorius (CN I) and n. opticus (CN II) are the only two cranial nerves that originate from the cerebrum. More specifically, the n. olfactorius (CN I) can be generally used as an umbrella term to describe components extending from the pars olfactoria of the nasal mucosa to the cortex olfactorius (via Lamina cribosa ossis ethmoidalis). The  n. opticus (CN II) extends from the retina of the eye to the cortex visualis primarius (area striata) via the canalis opticus. All other cranial nerves originate from the brainstem (truncus encephali). The n. oculomotorius (CN III) and n. trochlearis (CN IV) nerves originate from the midbrain (mesencephalon). The n. abducens (CN VI) arises from the junctio pontomedullaris. Since these three nerves act on eye muscles, they extend from the brainstem and exit via the fissura orbitalis superior. The n. trigeminus (CN V) originates from the pons and gives rise to three divisions: n. ophthalmicus (V1), n. maxillaris (V2), and n. mandibularis (V3) which exit the cranium via the fissura orbitalis superior, foramen rotundum and foramen ovale, respectively. The n. facialis (CN VII) originates from the junctio pontomedullaris by two roots: radix motoria\/sensoria. The n. vestibulocochlearis (CN VIII) also originates from the junctio pontomedullaris and consists of a pars vestibularis and pars cochlearis. Both CN VII and VIII exit via the meatus acusticus internus. The n. glossopharyngeus (CN IX) originates from the superior\/rostral portion of the medulla oblongata while the n. vagus (CN X) also originates from the medulla oblongata, just caudal to CN IX. The n. accessory (CN XI) has traditionally been described as having a radix spinalis and radix cranialis. As seen in the illustration, its radix cranialis emerges from the medulla oblongata, while the radix spinalis arises from the upper five or six cervical segments of the spinal cord. CN IX-XI all exit the skull via the foramen jugulare. Finally, the n. hypoglossus (CN XII) also originates from the medulla oblongata. Its dozen roots pass laterally across the fossa posterior cranii before merging into a single trunk which exits via the canalis hypoglossalus.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506507788614,"sku":"8586353410374-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506507821382,"sku":"8586353410374-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506507854150,"sku":"8586353410374-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506507886918,"sku":"8586353410374-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506507919686,"sku":"8586353410374-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506507952454,"sku":"8586353410374-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/d5ecd3551d7b2aacd6f78d505539b54c.jpg?v=1694094848"},{"product_id":"arachnoid-granulations-german","title":"Arachnoid granulations (German)","description":"Das Gehirn ist von drei Schichten von Hirnhäuten umgeben, die als harte Hirnhaut, Spinngewebshaut und weiche Hirnhaut bezeichnet werden. Diese Schichten grenzen drei klinisch wichtige Räume ab: den Epidural-, den Subdural- und den Subarachnoidalraum. Die Pacchioni-Granulationen sind Ausstülpungen der Spinngewebshaut, die die harte Hirnhaut durchdringen und in das Lumen des oberen Pfeilblutleiters und der angrenzenden lateralen Lakunen ragen. Der Kern jeder Pacchioni-Granulation enthält Trabekel, ist mit dem Subarachnoidalraum verbunden und enthält daher Liquor. Die Oberfläche jeder Pacchioni-Granulation enthält kleinere Ausstülpungen, die Arachnoidalzotten genannt werden und ihre Absorptionsfläche vergrößern. Die Hauptfunktion dieser Granulationen besteht darin, Liquor aus dem Subarachnoidalraum in den venösen Kreislauf abzuleiten und so einen angemessenen Liquordruck aufrechtzuerhalten.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506509623622,"sku":"8586353967430-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506509656390,"sku":"8586353967430-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506509689158,"sku":"8586353967430-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506509721926,"sku":"8586353967430-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506509754694,"sku":"8586353967430-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506509787462,"sku":"8586353967430-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/58344a78094930d354e7b0a4e2b6239b.jpg?v=1694094868"},{"product_id":"medulla-oblongata-vagus-nerve-level-english","title":"Medulla oblongata: Vagus nerve level (English)","description":"At this level, the central canal opens into the fourth ventricle, forming the superior or open medulla oblongata. A part of the vagus nerve can be seen extending from the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve, while the remainder arises primarily from the nucleus ambiguus. Medial to the dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve are the nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve and subhypoglossal nucleus (of Roller). Laterally, the nuclei of the posterior funiculus terminate in order to make room for the medial vestibular nucleus. The inferior cerebellar peduncle begins to appear at this level and is surrounded by many nuclei. A prominent feature of this level is the large reticular formation, which lies anterior to the hypoglossal and dorsal vagal nuclei, lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus and tectospinal tracts and overlaps the nucleus ambiguous. At this level, the principal inferior olivary nucleus begins to expand resulting in an external prominence on the anterolateral surface of the medulla oblongata known as the olive. The medial and posterior accessory olivary nuclei can be identified medial and posterior to this structure. Towards the midline of the medulla oblongata, decussating fibres of the medial lemniscus form a seam known as the raphe. On either side of the raphe are a cluster of neurons, the raphe nuclei, which belong to the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata. The medial longitudinal fasciculus can also be identified along the raphe. This white matter tract ascends through the brainstem along its dorsal midline, while the spinothalamic and spinocerebellar tracts maintain their anterolateral position, just dorsal to the olive.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506516242758,"sku":"8586357047622-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506516275526,"sku":"8586357047622-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506516308294,"sku":"8586357047622-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506516341062,"sku":"8586357047622-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506516373830,"sku":"8586357047622-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506516406598,"sku":"8586357047622-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/2e5855de03c8c57bee2d73083cd866d5.jpg?v=1694094947"},{"product_id":"taste-sensory-cortex-524","title":"Taste sensory cortex (#524)","description":"Shown from coronal perspective.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506521059654,"sku":"8586358587718-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506521092422,"sku":"8586358587718-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506521125190,"sku":"8586358587718-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506521157958,"sku":"8586358587718-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506521190726,"sku":"8586358587718-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506521256262,"sku":"8586358587718-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/d19057caa3a5c6ac70fb6eac338fcb25.png?v=1694095001"},{"product_id":"arachnoid-granulations-english","title":"Arachnoid granulations (English)","description":"The brain is surrounded by three layers of meninges known as the dura, arachnoid, and pia mater. These layers delimitate three clinically important spaces: the epidural (or extradural), subdural, and subarachnoid spaces. Arachnoid granulations (Pacchionian granulations) are evaginations of arachnoid mater that pierce the dura mater and protrude into the lumen of the superior sagittal sinus and adjacent lateral lacunae. The core of each arachnoid granulation contains arachnoid trabeculae and is continuous with the subarachnoid space, therefore containing cerebrospinal fluid. The surface of each arachnoid granulation contains smaller outpouchings called arachnoid villi that increase its absorption surface. The main function of these granulations is to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space into venous circulation, thus maintaining appropriate CSF pressure.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506527056198,"sku":"8586360258886-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506527088966,"sku":"8586360258886-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506527121734,"sku":"8586360258886-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506527154502,"sku":"8586360258886-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506527187270,"sku":"8586360258886-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506527220038,"sku":"8586360258886-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/bfd21ddbcb12f8c1281758ec3a48caec.jpg?v=1694095064"},{"product_id":"12-cranial-nerves-english","title":"12 cranial nerves (English)","description":"This illustration summarizes the anatomy of each cranial nerve. The first two cranial nerves, the olfactory nerve (CN I) and optic nerve (CN II) are the only two cranial nerves that originate from the cerebrum. More specifically, the olfactory nerve (CN I) can be generally used as an umbrella term to describe components extending from the olfactory part of the nasal mucosa to the olfactory cortex (via the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone). The optic nerve (CN II) extends from the retina of the eye to the primary visual cortex (striate area) via the optic canal. All other cranial nerves originate from the brainstem. The oculomotor (CN III) and trochlear (CN IV) nerves originate from the midbrain. The abducens nerve (CN VI) originates from the pontomedullary region. Since these three nerves act on eye muscles, they extend from the brainstem and exit via the superior orbital fissure. The trigeminal nerve (CN V) originates from the pons and gives rise to three nerve divisions: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) which exit the cranium via the superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum and foramen ovale, respectively. The facial nerve (CN VII) originates from the pontomedullary junction by two roots: motor and sensory. The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) also originates from the pontomedullary junction and consists of the vestibular and cochlear components. Both CN VII and VIII exit via the internal acoustic meatus. The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) originates from the superior\/rostral portion of the medulla oblongata while the vagus nerve (CN X) also originates from the medulla oblongata, just caudal to CN IX. The accessory nerve (CN XI) has traditionally been described as having both spinal and cranial roots. As seen in the illustration, its cranial root emerges from the medulla oblongata, while the spinal root arises from the upper five or six cervical segments of the spinal cord. CN IX-XI all exit the skull via the jugular foramen. Finally, the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) also originates from the medulla oblongata. Its dozen roots pass laterally across the posterior cranial fossa before merging into a single trunk which exits via the hypoglossal canal.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506527744326,"sku":"8586360488262-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506527777094,"sku":"8586360488262-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506527842630,"sku":"8586360488262-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506527875398,"sku":"8586360488262-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506527908166,"sku":"8586360488262-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506527940934,"sku":"8586360488262-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/1e953f54277d69a45b4e344d16f044fd.jpg?v=1694095072"},{"product_id":"cerebellum-superior-view-german","title":"Cerebellum - Superior view (German)","description":"","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506531053894,"sku":"8586362192198-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506531086662,"sku":"8586362192198-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506531119430,"sku":"8586362192198-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506531152198,"sku":"8586362192198-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506531184966,"sku":"8586362192198-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506531217734,"sku":"8586362192198-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/821a5280abfb049402f35cc0b031df45.jpg?v=1694095119"},{"product_id":"taste-pathway-latin","title":"Taste pathway (Latin)","description":"The taste sensation from taste buds of the anterior two thirds of the tongue (papillae fungiformes and foliatae), travels via the chorda tympani of the n. facialis. Additionally, the n. petrosus major (branch of n. facialis) supplies the taste buds on the palatum molle. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the ganglion geniculi and continue towards the truncus encephali as the radix sensoria nervi facialis, also known as the n. intermedius. Taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue is carried by the ramus lingualis nervi glossopharyngei; the cell bodies of these neurons are located in the ganglion inferius nervi glossopharyngei. Taste sensation from the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis is carried by the n. laryngeus superior (branch of n. vagus); cell bodies of these neurons are located in the ganglion inferius nervi vagi. Upon entering the truncus encephali, the central processes of gustatory neurons of the n. facialis, n. glossopharyngeus and n. vagus form the tractus solitarius and synapse in the rostral third of the nucleus tractus solitarii in the medulla oblongata. Second-order neurons then ascend via three pathways. The majority of the fibers go on to synapse in the ncl. ventralis posteromedialis of the thalamus and synapse with third-order neurons destined for the insula for interpretation of taste. The second set of fibers travel to the zona hypothalamica lateralis, which is involved in appetite and satiety mechanisms. Other fibers pass to the amygdala, which is involved in emotions and memory formation in relation to food.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506541146438,"sku":"8586366517574-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506541179206,"sku":"8586366517574-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506541211974,"sku":"8586366517574-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506541244742,"sku":"8586366517574-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506541277510,"sku":"8586366517574-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506541310278,"sku":"8586366517574-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/9e4342426ff7daadb3fe8cbecae21315.jpg?v=1694095230"},{"product_id":"medial-view-of-the-brain-latin","title":"Medial view of the brain (Latin)","description":"The cerebrum is the largest and most superior\/rostral part of the brain. There are several important gyri and lobules visible on the medial view, such as the gyrus frontalis medialis and lobulus paracentralis of the lobus frontalis, the precuneus of the lobus parietalis and the cuneus of the lobus occipitalis. Additionally, running below the lobus frontalis is the gyrus cinguli, which is a part of the lobus limbicus. The notable sulci of the cerebrum visible on this view are the sulcus paracentralis, that separates the gyrus frontalis medialis and lobulus paracentralis; the sulcus centralis, separating the lobus frontalis and lobus parietalis, and the sulcus parietooccipitalis, which separates the lobus parietalis and lobus occipitalis. Moving inferiorly, several structures of the diencephalon are labeled: the thalamus, hypothalamus, glandula pituitaria, corpus mamillare and glandula pinealis. The next part of the brain is the truncus encephali, which consists of three parts: the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. The last part of the brain visible on this view is the cerebellum, lying inferior to the lobus occipitalis cerebri and posterior the pons.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506543046982,"sku":"8586367205702-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506543079750,"sku":"8586367205702-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506543112518,"sku":"8586367205702-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506543145286,"sku":"8586367205702-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506543178054,"sku":"8586367205702-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506543210822,"sku":"8586367205702-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/1b23346e584ac6df879276d91b26fa28.jpg?v=1694095253"},{"product_id":"horizontal-section-of-the-brain-section-a-latin","title":"Horizontal section of the brain: Section A (Latin)","description":"This image highlights the left side of the brain seen on a horizontal section at the level of the genu corporis callosi (A). The most striking gray matter structures seen in this section are the thalamus, located deep in the white matter, and the corpus striatum, which are the nucleus caudatus (only the caput and cauda nuclei caudati are visible), putamen and globus pallidus. In addition, we see the white matter tracts (capsula interna, externa and extrema) in both section A and B: note the different parts of the capsula interna (crus anterius, genu, crus posterius and pars retrolentiformis). Section A reveals some parts of the white matter bundles that connect the two brain hemispheres, particularly the genu and splenium corporis callosi and the columna and crus fornicis. The ventriculus tertius as well asa the cornu frontale and cornu occipitale of the ventriculus lateralis can be identified. The cornu frontale of the ventriculus lateralis on the left side is separated from its right counterpart by a thin, vertical membrane called septum pellucidum, that extends from the corpus callosum above and the fornix below.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506543309126,"sku":"8586367271238-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506543341894,"sku":"8586367271238-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506543374662,"sku":"8586367271238-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506543407430,"sku":"8586367271238-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506543440198,"sku":"8586367271238-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506543472966,"sku":"8586367271238-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/df5c13809ce2ea01f93c8e898c32a3f8.jpg?v=1694095254"},{"product_id":"medulla-oblongata-vagus-nerve-level-latin","title":"Medulla oblongata: Vagus nerve level  (Latin)","description":"At this level, the canalis centralis opens into the ventriculus quartus, forming the pars superior medullae oblongatae. A part of the n. vagus can be seen extending from the ncl. posterior nervi vagi, while the remainder arises primarily from the ncl. ambiguus. Medial to the ncl. posterior nervi vagi are the ncl. nervi hypoglossi and ncl. subhypoglossalis (of Roller). Laterally, the nuclei of the funiculus posterior terminate in order to make room for the ncl. vestibularis medialis. The pedunculus cerebellaris inferior begins to appear at this level and is surrounded by many nuclei. A prominent feature of this level is the large formatio reticularis, which lies anterior to the ncl. nervi hypoglossi and ncl. posterior nervi vagi, lateral to the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis and tractus tectospinalis and overlaps the ncl. ambiguus. At this level, the ncl. olivaris inferior principalis begins to expand resulting in an external prominence on the anterolateral surface of the medulla oblongata known as the olive (oliva). The ncll. olivaries accessorii medialis et posterior can be identified medial and posterior to this structure. Towards the midline of the medulla oblongata, decussating fibres of the lemniscus medialis form a seam known as the raphe. On either side of the raphe are a cluster of neurons, the ncll. raphes, which belong to the formatio reticularis medullae oblongatae. The fasciculus longitudinalis medialis can also be identified along the raphe. This white matter tract ascends through the brainstem along its dorsal midline, while the tractus spinothalamici et spinocerebellares maintain their anterolateral position, just dorsal to the olive (oliva).","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506544062790,"sku":"8586367500614-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506544095558,"sku":"8586367500614-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506544128326,"sku":"8586367500614-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506544161094,"sku":"8586367500614-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506544193862,"sku":"8586367500614-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506544226630,"sku":"8586367500614-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/6df2bca7bd5caa11d7732c2a935bfdb4.jpg?v=1694095264"},{"product_id":"cerebellum-superior-view-english","title":"Cerebellum - Superior view (English)","description":"Isolated view of the cerebellum after it has been removed from the posterior cranial fossa and detached from the brainstem. The superior surface of the cerebellum is generally rounded and broad, except for pronounced anterior and posterior cerebellar notches located between the expanded cerebellar hemispheres. The anterior cerebellar notch contains the inferior colliculi of the midbrain in situ, while the posterior cerebellar notch contains the falx cerebelli. The primary fissure of the cerebellum separates the anterior and posterior lobes. The posterior superior fissure (a.k.a. postclival fissure) separates the posterior quadrangular lobule from the superior semilunar lobule. The largest and deepest fissure of the cerebellum, the horizontal fissure, extends posterolaterally along each hemisphere separating the superior and inferior semilunar lobules.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506546127174,"sku":"8586367959366-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506546159942,"sku":"8586367959366-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506546192710,"sku":"8586367959366-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506546225478,"sku":"8586367959366-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506546258246,"sku":"8586367959366-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506546291014,"sku":"8586367959366-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/8822f8e7fe26a5fdac6cc14e2f920567.jpg?v=1694095278"},{"product_id":"ventricles-and-subarachnoid-space-of-the-brain-english","title":"Ventricles and subarachnoid space of the brain (English)","description":"Choroid plexus can be found in the floor of the lateral ventricles as well as the roofs of the third and fourth ventricles and functions to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 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Once CSF reaches the fourth ventricle it passes into the subarachnoid space around the brain via three openings: the median aperture (of Magendie) which is received by the posterior cerebellomedullary cistern (a.k.a.cisterna magna); and the two lateral apertures (of Luschka), which drain into the cerebellopontine cisterns located at the cerebellopontine angle.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506554483014,"sku":"8586370548038-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506554515782,"sku":"8586370548038-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506554548550,"sku":"8586370548038-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506554581318,"sku":"8586370548038-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506554614086,"sku":"8586370548038-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506554646854,"sku":"8586370548038-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/6bb273d02a5c1c26cca8e010fe2710af.jpg?v=1694095346"},{"product_id":"spinal-cord-in-situ-latin","title":"Spinal cord in situ (Latin)","description":"On exiting the foramen intervertebrale, each n. spinalis divides into a r. anterior and r. posterior. The r. posterior extends in a posterior direction and further divides into a r. medialis\/lateralis which provide innervation to the mm. dorsi produndi (mm. epaxiales) as well as an associated narrow strip of overlying skin. The r. anterior provides motor innervation (somatic or visceral) to the rest of the body related to that segmental level, often intermingling with other spinal nerves leading to the formation of the major somatic plexuses (plexus cervicalis, brachialis, lumbalis and sacralis). Just before the bifurcation into rr. anterior and posterior, the n. spinalis also gives rise to a r. meningeus\/recurrens which re-enters the foramen intervertebrale to supply the meninges and other structures of the canalis vertebralis. Communicating with the r. anterior of the nn. spinales are the rr. communicantes grisei\/albi which convey sympathetic nerve fibers. The rr. anteriores of nn. spinales T1-L2 give off the r. communicans albus which carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers from the cornu lateralis of the spinal cord to an adjacent ganglion sympatheticum. Here they can either synapse with a postganglionic sympathetic neuron at the same or a superior\/inferior level via the truncus sympatheticus, or pass through the ggl. sympatheticus (without synapsing) continuing as a preganglionic nerve fiber; in all cases nerve fibers of the truncus sympatheticus re-enter the nn. spinales via a r. communicans griseus.","brand":"Paul Kim","offers":[{"title":"Science \/ Standard","offer_id":48506555892038,"sku":"8586371105094-Science-Standard","price":9.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Science \/ Extended","offer_id":48506555924806,"sku":"8586371105094-Science-Extended","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Standard","offer_id":48506555957574,"sku":"8586371105094-Education-Standard","price":19.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Education \/ Extended","offer_id":48506555990342,"sku":"8586371105094-Education-Extended","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Standard","offer_id":48506556023110,"sku":"8586371105094-Commerce-Standard","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Commerce \/ Extended","offer_id":48506556055878,"sku":"8586371105094-Commerce-Extended","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0755\/7326\/4710\/products\/82f55e9379e4ea8398d2b104515fb905.jpg?v=1694095370"},{"product_id":"spinal-membranes-and-nerve-roots-english","title":"Spinal membranes and nerve roots (English)","description":"The pia mater is the innermost layer of the three meningeal layers which surround the spinal cord. It is highly vascular and closely follows the contours of the spinal cord. The second meninx is the arachnoid mater, which is separated from the pia mater by a cerebrospinal fluid filled space known as the subarachnoid space. The thickest and most superficial meninx is the dura mater, which lies in close proximity to the arachnoid mater (but is separated from by a potential space known as the subdural space). The space between the vertebral canal and dura mater is known as the epidural space which contains adipose tissue that helps to absorb shock and protect the spinal cord. The arachnoid and dura mater form a ‘sleeve’ over the spinal nerve rootlets and roots, whereas the pia mater reflects onto the root complex and blends with their epineurium. The dura, arachnoid and pia mater extend along the spinal cord, beyond the conus medullaris to terminate at the lower border of the second sacral vertebra. The anterior spinal root contains motor\/autonomic nerve fibers which carry impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) towards the periphery. The cell bodies of the anterior root neurons are located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.The posterior spinal root contains the central processes of sensory neurons, whose cell bodies are located in the spinal ganglion of the posterior root of each spinal nerve. They carry signals from the periphery to the CNS. 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Der hintere Ast zieht nach dorsal und spaltet sich weiter in einen inneren und seitlichen Ast auf, die die autochthonen Rückenmuskeln sowie die darüber liegende Haut innervieren. Über den vorderen Ast erfolgt die motorische Innervation (somatisch oder viszeral) der restlichen Körperareale. Die vorderen Äste vereinigen und verflechten sich miteinander und bilden die Nervengeflechte (Hals-, Arm-, Lenden- und Kreuzbeingeflecht). Kurz vor der Spaltung in einen vorderen und einen hinteren Ast geben die Spinalnerven auch den Hirnhautast ab, der wieder durch das Zwischenwirbelloch zurückläuft und die Meningen und andere Strukturen des Wirbelkanals versorgt. Die weißen und grauen Verbindungsäste sind für die Übertragung von sympathischen Nervenfasern zu den vorderen Ästen der Spinalnerven verantwortlich.Die vorderen Äste der Spinalnerven Th1-L2 geben den weißen Verbindungsast ab, der präganglionäre sympathische Nervenfasern vom Seitenhorn des Rückenmarks zum entsprechenden sympathischen Grenzstrangganglion trägt. In den Ganglien findet die Umschaltung auf das postganglionäre sympathische Neuron durch den Grenzstrang auf gleicher oder superiorer\/inferiorer Höhe statt. Einige Fasern durchlaufen die Ganglien als präganglionäre sympathische Fasern ohne Umschaltung. 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The surface of the cerebellum is much more tightly folded compared to the cerebral cortex and is marked with fine, leaflike gyri known as folia. Grossly, the cerebrum is built around a central vermis which is flanked on either side by a hemispherium cerebelli. The facies superior cerebelli is generally rounded and broad, except for two pronounced incisurae between the expanded hemispheria cerebelli. The incisura anterior cerebelli contains the colliculi inferiores of the midbrain(mesencephalon), while the incisura posterior cerebei contains the falx cerebelli. The fissura prima cerebelli separates the lobus anterior from the lobus posterior. The fissura posterior superior (a.k.a. fissura postclivalis) separates the lobulus quadrangularis posterior from the lobulus semilunaris superior. 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